When faced with overwhelming debt and financial stress, Chapter 7 bankruptcy can offer a way out, providing a fresh start for individuals who feel they have no other options. However, navigating the complexities of Chapter 7 bankruptcy requires a thorough understanding of Tennessee bankruptcy laws, the filing process, and the potential long-term consequences. For those considering this step, working with an experienced Chapter 7 bankruptcy attorney can make all the difference in achieving a successful outcome. In this post, we’ll explore what Chapter 7 bankruptcy is, how it works in Tennessee, and why hiring a qualified attorney is crucial to ensuring your rights are protected.



What is Chapter 7 Bankruptcy?

Chapter 7 bankruptcy, also known as “liquidation bankruptcy,” is a legal process that allows individuals to eliminate most or all of their unsecured debts, such as credit card balances, medical bills, and personal loans. It is often the preferred option for those who do not have significant assets to protect or do not have the income to enter into a repayment plan. In a Chapter 7 case, a court-appointed trustee reviews the debtor’s assets, and any non-exempt property is sold to repay creditors. At the end of the process, most of the remaining unsecured debts are discharged, meaning the debtor is no longer legally obligated to pay them.

Who Qualifies for Chapter 7 Bankruptcy in Tennessee?

Not everyone is eligible to file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy. To determine eligibility, you must pass the Means Test, a formula that compares your income to the median income for a household of your size in Tennessee. Here’s how it works:

Means Test Calculation

• The Means Test considers your average monthly income over the past six months and compares it to the median income for your household size in Tennessee. If your income is below the state median, you automatically qualify for Chapter 7.

Disposable Income Evaluation

• If your income is above the state median, you must complete a more detailed analysis of your income and expenses to determine if you have enough disposable income to repay some of your debts. If the calculation shows that you have minimal disposable income, you may still qualify for Chapter 7.

Prior Bankruptcy Filings

• If you have filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy in the past eight years, you are not eligible to file again. Similarly, if you have filed for Chapter 13 in the past six years and did not complete your repayment plan, you may be ineligible.

The Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Process in Tennessee

Filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy involves several key steps. Here’s what to expect when you begin the process:

Pre-Filing Credit Counseling

• Before filing, you must complete a credit counseling course through an approved provider within 180 days of your bankruptcy filing. This course will help you understand your financial situation and explore alternatives to bankruptcy.

Filing the Bankruptcy Petition

• The next step is filing a bankruptcy petition and supporting documents with the Tennessee Bankruptcy Court. This includes a detailed list of your assets, debts, income, expenses, and recent financial transactions.

Automatic Stay

• Once you file, an automatic stay goes into effect immediately. This legal order halts most collection actions, including wage garnishments, foreclosure, and creditor harassment, providing you with temporary relief while your case is pending.

Appointment of a Trustee

• The court appoints a bankruptcy trustee to oversee your case. The trustee’s role is to review your petition, identify non-exempt assets that can be sold, and ensure that the bankruptcy process is conducted fairly.

Meeting of Creditors (341 Meeting)

• About 20 to 40 days after filing, you will attend a 341 Meeting of Creditors. During this meeting, the trustee and any creditors who choose to attend will ask questions about your financial situation and the information provided in your bankruptcy petition.

Exemption of Assets

• Tennessee has its own set of exemption laws that dictate which assets you can keep. Common exemptions include equity in your home (up to a certain amount), personal property, retirement accounts, and household goods. If your assets exceed these exemptions, the trustee may sell non-exempt property to pay creditors.

Discharge of Debts

• If everything is in order and no objections are raised, the court will issue a discharge order, eliminating most of your unsecured debts. Certain debts, such as student loans, child support, and recent tax obligations, are not dischargeable.

What Debts Are Discharged in Chapter 7 Bankruptcy?

One of the main benefits of Chapter 7 bankruptcy is the discharge of unsecured debts, which means you are no longer legally required to repay them. Some of the most common debts that can be discharged include:

• Credit card debt.
• Medical bills.
• Personal loans.
• Utility bills.
• Certain older tax debts.
• Payday loans.

What Debts Cannot Be Discharged?

While Chapter 7 can wipe out many types of debt, some obligations remain. Debts that cannot be discharged include:

• Child support and alimony.
• Student loans (except in rare cases of undue hardship).
• Recent tax debts.
• Debts incurred through fraud or willful misconduct.
• Court-ordered fines and penalties.

The Role of a Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Attorney

Filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy can be daunting, but an experienced attorney can help you navigate the process and ensure that your rights are protected. Here’s why working with a bankruptcy attorney is essential:

Guidance on Eligibility

• An attorney can help determine whether you qualify for Chapter 7 bankruptcy and, if not, explore other options such as Chapter 13.

Accurate Paperwork and Filings

• Filing for bankruptcy involves a significant amount of paperwork and documentation. Errors or omissions can lead to delays or even dismissal of your case. An attorney ensures that all documents are prepared correctly and filed on time.

Maximizing Exemptions

• An experienced bankruptcy attorney will know how to maximize your exemptions under Tennessee law, helping you protect as many assets as possible.

Representation in Court

• Your attorney will represent you at the 341 Meeting of Creditors and any other hearings, ensuring that your rights are upheld and that you are not taken advantage of by creditors.

Advice on Rebuilding Your Financial Future

• After your debts are discharged, your attorney can provide guidance on rebuilding your credit and avoiding financial pitfalls in the future.

Deciding to file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy is a big step, but it can also be the first step toward a fresh financial start. At Lafferty Law Firm, Inc., we have extensive experience helping Tennessee residents navigate the bankruptcy process with confidence. We understand the complexities of bankruptcy law and are dedicated to helping our clients achieve a successful outcome. If you are considering Chapter 7 bankruptcy or have questions about your eligibility, contact us today.